Top Things to Do in Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a hidden treasure of Central Asia, offering a fascinating blend of history, culture, and natural wonders that are often overlooked by mainstream tourism. Whether you’re an adventurer, history buff, or just someone looking for something off the beaten path, Turkmenistan has a lot to offer. Here’s a guide to the Top Things to Do in Turkmenistan, including what to see, where to stay, and how to make the most of your trip!
1. Visit the Door to Hell (Darvaza Gas Crater)
Located in the heart of the Karakum Desert, about 260 kilometers from Ashgabat, the Darvaza Gas Crater, also known as the Door to Hell, is one of the most incredible sights you’ll ever see. This giant flaming crater has been burning since 1971, when Soviet geologists accidentally caused a collapse during a drilling operation. The sight of fire and gas roaring out of the pit is absolutely surreal, especially at night when it lights up the entire desert landscape.
2. Explore Ashgabat, the Capital City
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan’s capital, is known for its stunning, shiny white marble architecture, grand monuments, and wide avenues. The city has a surreal, almost futuristic feel, as if it were built for a sci-fi movie. The Neutrality Arch (height 75 meters), which was built in 1998 to honor Turkmenistan’s policy of neutrality, and the Independence Monument, are just a couple of must-see landmarks. Don’t miss the Turkmenistan National Museum of History for a deep dive into the country’s past.
3. Tour the Ancient City of Merv
Merv is one of the most significant archaeological sites in Central Asia and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Located near Mary, about 350 kilometers southeast of Ashgabat, Merv was once a prosperous city on the Silk Road. The ruins, including the Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum (dating back to the 12th century), are a must-see for history lovers.
4. Relax at the Kow-Ata Underground Lake
The Kow-Ata Underground Lake is a natural wonder located about 100 kilometers from Ashgabat, near the village of Baharly. The lake, situated inside a limestone cave, is famous for its warm, mineral-rich waters, which stay at a comfortable 33°C (91°F) year-round. It’s a great spot for a relaxing swim.
5. Visit the Mausoleum of Turkmenbashi
The Mausoleum of Turkmenbashi, located in the village of Kipchak, just 20 kilometers from Ashgabat, is dedicated to Saparmurat Niyazov, the first president of Turkmenistan. The structure is a huge, golden-domed building that stands out against the desert landscape. Niyazov, also known as Turkmenbashi (Father of all Turkmens), ruled the country from 1991 until his death in 2006.
6. Discover the Ancient Fortress of Nisa
The ancient ruins of Nisa (about 18 kilometers from Ashgabat) were once the capital of the Parthian Empire and have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. Nisa flourished between the 3rd century BCE and the 3rd century CE. The site includes remnants of fortifications, temples, and burial places.
7. Admire the Yangykala Canyon
Located in western Turkmenistan, the Yangykala Canyon is an awe-inspiring natural wonder. The canyon features vibrant red, pink, and orange cliffs that have been sculpted by centuries of wind and water erosion. It’s a hidden gem, perfect for hikers, photographers, and nature lovers.
8. Explore the Silk Road Caravanserais
The ancient caravanserais along the Silk Road are a must-see for anyone interested in history. These massive stone structures were built to provide shelter for traders and travelers. The Dehistan Caravanserai and Serakhs Caravanserai are two of the best-preserved examples in Turkmenistan
9. Relax by the Caspian Sea
While Turkmenistan isn’t known for its beach resorts, the Caspian Sea coastline offers peaceful beaches, ideal for a relaxing getaway. Avaza, a resort town located on the Caspian coast, is the perfect spot to unwind after exploring the country.
10. Hike in the Kopet Dag Mountains
The Kopet Dag Mountains, which lie along the southern border with Iran, offer excellent opportunities for hiking and trekking. The mountains are home to diverse wildlife, including wild goats, leopards, and a variety of bird species. The scenery here is absolutely stunning, with sweeping views of the surrounding desert.
11. Turkmenistan’s Akhal-Teke Horses: The Pride of the Silk Road
One of Turkmenistan’s most iconic and treasured symbols is the Akhal-Teke horse—a breed so unique and legendary that it has earned the nickname “the golden horses of Turkmenistan.” These magnificent creatures are celebrated not only for their incredible beauty and resilience but also for their deep historical and cultural significance.
12. Dinosaur Plateau in Eastern Turkmenistan: A Journey into Prehistoric Time
Turkmenistan is home to many extraordinary natural wonders, but one of its most intriguing and lesser-known sites is the Dinosaur Plateau, or Dinozavr Dajasy. Located in the Karakum Desert of eastern Turkmenistan, this region offers a rare and fascinating glimpse into the distant past, when dinosaurs roamed the Earth.
Ready to Explore Turkmenistan?
If you’re looking for a unique and off-the-beaten-path adventure, Turkmenistan has everything you could want. From ancient ruins to natural wonders, this country offers experiences you won’t find anywhere else. Interested in exploring these amazing destinations? Contact us at Nomads Life for personalized tours and expert advice on traveling in Turkmenistan. Whether it’s a guided tour to the Door to Hell or a trek in the Kopet Dag Mountains, we’ve got you covered!
